Smith said: “Without the First Folio, we would have some of Shakespeare’s plays, scattered in individual editions. (Is there a website that tracks all extant copies? Of course there is.) A Canon could have produced the canon.Ībout 700–750 were printed and only 235 survive-and even then only 56 are complete. The printing process was “very labour intensive in a very nasty working environment”, said Coles….Īh, if only they had been a digital shop. The title page of the First Folio was a portrait of Shakespeare made by engraving very fine lines into a sheet of copper. Many mistakes were made, and because paper was so costly the mistakes survived. The trio took the edited scripts to a respected printing shop where compositors copied them into metal type. Eighteen had been printed but another 18 existed only as annotated handwritten copies or prompt books. Shakespeare’s three associates from the King’s Men acting company, John Heminges, Henry Condell and Richard Burbage, set to work on a compilation of the Bard’s plays. Two books, The Making of Shakespeare’s First Folio and Shakespeare’s First Folio: Four Centuries of an Iconic Book, both by Emma Smith, a professor of Shakespeare studies at Oxford University, will be published next month.Īnd the story of the First Folio was a saga unto itself: The British Library will hold an exhibition this year, and a feature film with a screenplay by Richard Bean and Clive Coleman is in production. Fie upon thee!)īe all that as it may, this year marks the 400th anniversary of the First Folio, and there is a bustle of activity in the works. And if you read the footnotes to questionable passages in the plays, it’s dismaying how quick everyone is to blame the printer for any errors. Much pedagogical gnashing of teeth has been due to inconsistencies between the quarto and Folio editions. (Nineteen plays appeared in print in quarto before the First Folio. And thus in November 1623, seven years after the Bard shuffled off this mortal coil into that undiscovered country (if we’re allowed to mix our quotations), the First Folio was published, which Shakespeare scholars revere as “the Wonder of the Literary World,” because without it, half his plays would have vanished forever. Shortly after his death, a small band of his friends, actors, and others took on the monumental task of compiling complete editions of his plays and getting them in print. Very few complete editions of any of his plays ever existed-fewer still were ever published-and all that survived at the time of his death were what are known as sides or prompts, dialogue for a specific actor to perform. And it’s almost by accident that many of his writings survived the centuries. Step 5 Cut each quesadilla into quarters. Garnish with green onion and sour cream before serving.There is very little doubt that William Shakespeare is the greatest writer in the English (or perhaps any) language.Return to oven to heat, 3 to 4 minutes more. Let cool slightly, then use the parchment paper and a small spatula to gently lift and fold one side of the cheese "tortilla" over the side with the fillings. Add onion-pepper mixture, shredded chicken, and avocado slices to one half of each. Step 4 Bake cheeses until melty and slightly golden around the edge, 8 to 10 minutes. Spread into an even layer and shape into a circle, the size of a flour tortilla. Add 1 1/2 cups of cheese mixture into the center of both prepared baking sheets. Step 3 In a medium bowl, stir together cheeses.Add pepper and onion and season with chili powder, salt, and pepper. Step 2 In a medium skillet over medium-high heat, heat oil.Step 1 Preheat oven to 400º and line two medium baking sheets with parchment paper.
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